My widgets are still working fine on iOS 16.
GG Makes sense, though. Why would your other devices get locked? You deleted the app completely from your iPhone and then installed it again, therefore your iPhone is now a new device. The new device might be from an attacker that just phished you for your banking credentials, so therefore additional verification is needed there. Your other devices are not new, they are safe to assume to be yours, therefore they should not lose any access rights to your account.
As for the speed of verification, well...